Italy

Italy's population is distributed fairly evenly throughout the country, with some coastal and urban high-density areas. The country has well-developed road and railway systems. Both transport demandand the importance of road transport have increased since 1990. After peaking in 2007, transport sector emissions have been on the decline, falling more than 22% between 2007 and 2019 mainly due to the economic crisis in combination with a greater penetration of energy-efficient vehicles. Atypically for Europe, Italy has a very large fleet of motorbikes and mopeds (117 vehicles per 1000 inhabitants in 2020).

Italy does not have specific transport-related carbon emission targets, but it has goals for electric vehicles and related infrastructure. It has implemented all EU directives at the national level, but has limited additional measures to supporting modal shifts and vehicle efficiency.